1. DEYO R A, MIRZA S K. Clinical practice. Herniated lumbar intervertebral disk. N Engl J Med, 2016, 374(18): 1763–1772.
2. YANG H, LIU H, LI Z, ZHANG K, WANG J, WANG H, ZHENG Z. Low back pain associated with lumbar disc herniation: role of moderately degenerative disc and annulus fibrous tears. Int J Clin Exp Med, 2015, 8(2): 1634–1644.
3. LI J, LI Y Q, KONG F L, ZHANG D, ZHANG Y Z, SHEN Y. Adjacent segment degeneration after single-level anterior cervical decompression and fusion: disc space distraction and its impact on clinical outcomes. J Clin Neurosci, 2015, 22(3): 566–569.
4. Chinese Orthopaedic Association of Spinal Surgery Group, Chinese Orthopaedic Association of Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Group. Clinical practice guideline for diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Zhonghua Guke Zazhi, 2020, 40(8): 477–487.
5. China Orthopedics Expert Panel. Guidelines on the grading diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation of Anhui Province (2015). Anhui Yixue, 2016, 37(1): 14–20.