Extramural venous invasion in rectal cancer: overview of imaging, histopathology, and clinical implications

Author:

Ale Ali Hamideh,Kirsch Richard,Razaz Suzan,Jhaveri Aaditeya,Thipphavong Seng,Kennedy Erin D.,Jhaveri Kartik S.

Funder

No funding

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Urology,Gastroenterology,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology

Reference55 articles.

1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fedewa SA, et al. (2017) Colorectal cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin 67:177–193. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21395

2. Kakar S, Shi C, Berho ME et al. (2017) Protocol for the examination of specimens from patients with primary carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Edition 4.0.0.1. http://www.cap.org/ShowProperty?nodePath=/UCMCon/Contribution%20Folders/WebContent/pdf/cp-colon-17protocol-4001.pdf

3. Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Miller D, Bishop K, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z, Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (2018) American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2018. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/about/key-statistics.html

4. Bailey CE, Hu CY, You YN, et al. (2015) Increasing disparities in the age-related incidences of colon and rectal cancers in the United States, 1975-2010. JAMA Surg 150:17–22. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2014.1756

5. Chand M, Bhangu A, Wotherspoon A, et al. (2014) EMVI-positive stage II rectal cancer has similar clinical outcomes as stage III disease following pre-operative chemoradiotherapy. Ann Oncol 25:858–863. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdu029

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