Myeloid Cell Reservoirs: Role in HIV-Host Interplay and Strategies for Myeloid Reservoir Elimination

Abstract

Abstract Purpose of Review Despite host antiviral responses and antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 continues to persist in myeloid cell reservoirs. Hence, strategies that promote the elimination of myeloid reservoirs are critically needed. Insight into host-HIV interactions is key to achieving a cure. Recent Findings Host antiviral factors are often antagonized by HIV proteins that help establish infection while promoting chronic inflammation and disease in the host. Currently, several methods to eliminate the virus are under investigation including broadly neutralizing antibodies, latency reversal agents, CRISPR platforms, and immune modulation. Compounds that can penetrate the blood brain barrier are also being developed for reservoir cell clearance. Summary Here, we will outline features of myeloid cell biology and host-virus interactions that facilitate HIV persistence. We will also review current therapeutic strategies and potential drug candidates to cure HIV infection of myeloid cells even in difficult-to-treat tissues such as the central nervous system.