1. Evans: Observation in Modern Astronomy, English Universities Press 1968.
2. Hecht, Zajac (1974): Optics, Addison-Wesley 1974.
3. Howell (ed.): Astronomical CCD Observing and Reduction Techniques, ASP Conference Series 23, 1992.
4. King: The History of the Telescope, Charles Griffin & Co. 1955, Dover 1979.
5. Kitchin: Astrophysical Techniques, Hilger 1984; 4th ed., Institute of Physics Publishing 2003.