1. APG II 2003. See general references.
2. Barker, W.R. 1981. Staphyleaceae. Handbooks of the Flora of Papua New Guinea, II. Melbourne: E.E. Henty, Melbourne University Press.
3. Bentham, G., Hooker, J.D. 1867. Genera Plantarum, I, 1. London: A. Black.
4. Blackwell, W.H. 1983. Fossil wood from “Sand Hill”, western central Mississippi. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 110:63–69.
5. Brown, R.W. 1944. Temperate species in the Eocene flora of the southeastern United States. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 34:349–351.