1. Abdalla A. Egypt’s Islamists and the State: from complicity to confrontation. Middle East Report. 1993; (July–August): 28–31.
2. Acemoglu D, Robinson JA. Economic origins of dictatorship and democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2006.
3. Al-Ahram. Charting untrodden ground. Al-Ahram Weekly 201 (29 December – 4 January). 1994–5; weekly.ahram.org.eg/archives/1994poll.yesss.htm. .
4. Albrecht H, editor. Contentious politics in the Middle East. Gainesville: University Press of Florida; 2010.
5. Ayubi NNM. The political revival of Islam; the case of Egypt. IJMES. 1980;12:481–99.