Tardive dystonia

Author:

Skidmore Frank,Reich Stephen G.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Neurology (clinical)

Reference35 articles.

1. Urhbrand O, Faurbye A: Reversible and irreversible dyskinesia after treatment with perphenazine, chlorpromazine, reserpine, ECT therapy. Psycho-pharmacologia 1960, 1:408–418.

2. Faurbye A, Rasch PJ, Peterson PB, et al.: Neurological syndromes in pharmacotherapy of psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1964, 40:10–27.

3. Burke RE, Fahn S, Jankovic J, et al.: Tardive dystonia: late onset and persistent dystonia caused by anti-psychotic drugs. Neurology 1982, 32:1335–1346. This seminal case series presents 42 cases of tardive dystonia and is the first extensive description of the phenomena. Age of onset of tardive dystonia ranged from 13 to 60 years, and persistent dystonia developed as early as 3 days after exposure to neuroleptics (and as late as 11 years after onset of therapy).

4. Kang UJ, Burke RE, Fahn S: Natural history and treat-ment of tardive dystonia. Mov Disord 1986, 1:193–208. This report of 67 cases of tardive dystonia extends the observations of the previous reference. The authors again note that a significant portion (21%) of their patients developed the syn-drome within a year of starting neuroleptics. Withdrawal of dopamine-blocking therapy resulted in a low rate of remission (five of the 42 patients in whom dopamine blocking agents were withdrawn). The authors describe medical management with anticholinergics, reserpine, and tetrabenazine.

5. Braude WM, Barnes TRE: Late-onset akathisia—an indicant of covert dyskinesia: two case reports. Am J Psychiatry 1983, 140:611–612.

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