1. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the Years 1872?76, 50 vols. (London: H.M.S.O., 1880?1895). The literature relating to the Challenger expedition is now quite extensive, especially since the Second International Congress on the History of Oceanography (Edinburgh, 1972), which was devoted to a ?Challenger Expedition Centenary? see Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, series B, 72?73 (1972). See also Margaret Deacon, Scientists and the Sea, 1650?1900: A Study of Marine Science (London: Academic Press, 1971), chap. 15; Susan Schlee, The Edge of an Unfamiliar World: A History of Oceanography (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1973), chap. 3; Eric Linklater, The Voyage of the ?Challenger? (London: John Murray, 1972); Harold L. Burstyn, ?Science and Government in the Nineteenth Century: the Challenger Expedition and Its Report,? Bull. Inst. Océanog., Fondation Albert I er, Prince de Monaco, special no. 2 (1968), 603?613; Eric L. Mills, ed., One Hundred Years of Oceanography: Essays Commemorating the Visit of ?H.M.S. Challenger? to Halifax, May 9?19, 1873 (Halifax: Dalhousie University, 1975).
2. Report ... of H.M.S. Challenger, A Summary of the Scientific Results, part. 2, 1430; Daniel Merriman, ?Challengers of Neptune: The ?Philosophers,?? Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, 72 (1972), 17.
3. GeorgeWilson and ArchibaldGeikie, Memoir of Edward Forbes, F.R.S. (Cambridge: Macmillan, 1861). For a complete bibliography of writings by and about Forbes, and a list of existing manuscripts, see Philip F. Rehbock, ?Edward Forbes (1815?1854): An Annotated List of Published and Unpublished Writings.? J. Soc. Bibliog. Nat. Hist., 9 (1979), 171?218.
4. D'Arcy WentworthThompson, ?Aristotle as a Biologist,? in Oxford Lectures on Classical Subjects (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913), p. 12. See also The Works of Aristotle, vol. IV, Historia Animalium, translated by D'Arcy Thompson (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1910), book IV.
5. Forbes and SylvanusHanley, A History of British Mollusca, and Their Shells (London: John Van Voorst, 1848?1853), I, 5.