Abstract
AbstractLysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) is an emerging lysophospholipid (LPL) mediator, which acts through G protein-coupled receptors, like lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). LysoPS is detected in various tissues and cells and thought to be produced mainly by the deacylation of phosphatidylserine. LysoPS has been known to stimulate degranulation of mast cells. Recently, four LysoPS-specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) were identified. These GPCRs belong to the P2Y family which covers receptors for nucleotides and LPLs and are predominantly expressed in immune cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages. Studies on knockout mice of these GPCRs have revealed that LysoPS has immune-modulatory functions. Up-regulation of a LysoPS-producing enzyme, PS-specific phospholipase A1, was frequently observed in situations where the immune system is activated including autoimmune diseases and organ transplantations. Therefore, modulation of LysoPS signaling appears to be a promising method for providing therapies for the treatment of immune diseases. In this review, we summarize the biology of LysoPS-producing enzymes and receptors, recent developments in LysoPS signal modulators, and prospects for future therapeutic applications.
Funder
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Cell Biology,Biochemistry,General Medicine,Biophysics
Cited by
25 articles.
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