Loa loa and Mansonella perstans infections in non-endemic countries: a narrative review

Abstract

Abstract Purpose of Review Loiasis and mansonellosis are filarial infections potentially causing a relevant impact on morbidity and mortality. In non-endemic countries, there is poor awareness on these conditions, and clinical management is not standardized. Aim of this work is to review current evidence on cases diagnosed in non-endemic areas, in order to guide clinical management. Recent Findings In non-endemic areas, a wider range of symptoms and signs have been reported for both infections, compared to endemic areas. Diagnostic tools include parasitological tests, serology and molecular methods, each one potentially playing a different role (i.e. for screening, determination of microfilarial load, etc). Treatment is not standardized, and first-line drugs might not be available everywhere. Summary Loiasis and mansonellosis can be diagnosed in non-endemic countries; here we comment on strategies for screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up in clinical practice.