A critical review on vegetable oil-based bio-lubricants: preparation, characterization, and challenges

Abstract

AbstractLubrication is a procedure that involves the use of a chemical called lubricant to reduce wear on surfaces that are in relative motion with each other. It aids in the transmission of pressure created between opposing surfaces. Lubricants serve as anti-friction agents. They allow for flat-level operations by retaining superior machine functionality and reducing the likelihood of recurring breakdowns. In today's world, the price of crude oil is rising in tandem with the depletion of reservoirs (oil). As a result, protecting a pollution-free environment is a major responsibility. The focus of current research is on creating and using an ecologically friendly lubricant made from renewable resources. This paper discusses the preparation, characteristics, characterization advantages, and uses of vegetable oil-based non-edible lubricants. Chemical changes are required since vegetable oil-based lubricants have lower thermal and oxidative stability. The article explores the required chemical modification approaches for improving the properties of bio-lubricants. The characterization of bio-lubricants has been elaborately discussed, highlighting the major pros and cons. The drawbacks and also future scope of the bio-lubricants have been highlighted.