1. Edwin R. Wallace, IV, Historiography and Causation in Psychoanalysis: An Essay on Psychoanalytic and Historical Epistemology (Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press, 1985). Edwin R. Wallace, IV, “Toward a Phenomenological and Minimally Theoretical Psychoanalysis,” The Annual of Psychoanalysis, XVII (1989): 17–69. Edwin R. Wallace, IV, “Psychiatry and Its Nosology: A Historico-Philosophical Overview,” in Philosophical Perspectives on Psychiatric Diagnostic Classification, eds. J. Sadler, O. Wiggins, and M. Schwartz (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994), 16–86.
2. St. Augustine, The City of God, trans. Henry Bettenson (Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1961). Reinhold Niebuhr, The Nature and Destiny of Man, 2 vols. (New York: Scribner’s, 1941). Giambattista Vico, A Study of the New Science [1744], trans. Leon Pompa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975). G. Vico, The Autobiography [1731], trans. and introductory essays, M. H. Fisch and T. Bergin (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1944). Robert Caponigri, Time and Idea: The Theory of History in Giambattista Vico (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1968). There has been a minor renaissance in Vico studies that has continued to date. For an excellent discussion of J. G. von Herder’s Ideas for the Philosophy of History of Mankind (originally published in four volumes, 1784–1791), see R. Flint, The Philosophy of History in France and Germany (New York: Scribners, 1874). I. Kant, On History, ed. and trans. L. W. Beck (New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1963). G. W. F. Hegel, The Philosophy of History, trans. J. Sibree (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1991). G. W. F. Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of World History, trans. H. B. Nisbet (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975). Karl Marx, Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, 3 vols. [1867-1869] (Chicago: C. H. Kerr. Co., 1925–1926). Friedrich Engels, The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State [1884] (New York: Penguin Books, 1985). Oswald Spengler, The Decline of the West, 2 vols., trans. C. F. Atkinson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994). Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History, 10 vols. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974). A quite competent two-volume abridgement of Toynbee was done by D. C. Somervell, A Study Of History (Abridgement of Vols. 1–10), 2 vols. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974). Ronald H. Nash, ed., Ideas of History, Vol. I: Speculative Approaches to History (New York: Dutton, 1969). A useful anthology of excerpts. Karl Löwith, Meaning in History (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1949). Examines a number of speculative philosophers of history from the Bible, Orosius, and Augustine on to Hegel, Marx, and Burckhardt. Arnold Toynbee and D. C. Somervell, Civilization on Trial and The World and the West (New York: Meridian Books, 1958). Two of Toynbee’s books in one, together with D. C. Somervell’s “The Argument of A Study of History,” pp. 299–348. A. Toynbee, Toynbee on Toynbee: A Conversation Between Arnold J. Toynbee and G. R. Urban (New York: Oxford University Press, 1974).
3. Robert G. Collingwood, The Idea of History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1946), 213. Louis Mink, Mind, History, and Dialectic: The Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood (Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1969).
4. S. Langlois and C. Seignebos, Introduction to the Study of History, trans. G. Berry (London: Duckworth, 1898), 63–67.
5. Robert G. Collingwood, The Idea of History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1946), 101.