Low-level inotropic stimulation with type III phosphodiesterase inhibitors in patients with advanced symptomatic chronic heart failure receiving β-blocking agents-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Low-level inotropic stimulation with type III phosphodiesterase inhibitors in patients with advanced symptomatic chronic heart failure receiving β-blocking agents

Published:2001-05 Issue:3 Volume:3 Page:224-231
ISSN:1523-3782
Container-title:Current Cardiology Reports
language:en
Short-container-title:Curr Cardiol Rep

Author:

Shakar Simon F.,Bristow Michael R.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

Link

http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11886-001-0027-8.pdf

Reference76 articles.

1. Bristow MR: b-adrenergic receptor blockade in chronic heart failure. Circulation 2000, 101:558–569. A detailed discussion of the rationale behind using b-blockers in heart failure and of the results of trials using individual agents.

2. Packer M, Bristow MR, Cohn JN, et al., for the US Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group: The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 1996, 334:1349–1355.

3. MERIT-HF Study Group: Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: metoprolol CR/XL randomized intervention trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 1999, 353:2001–2007. This study using long-acting metoprolol reduced all-cause mortality by 34% in patients with class II-IV heart failure.

4. CIBIS-II Investigators and Committees: The cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study II (CIBIS-II). Lancet 1999, 353:9–13. This study showed that the b1-selective agent bisoprolol reduces all-cause mortality by 34% in mostly class III heart failure patients with an ejection fraction lower than 35%.

5. Bristow MR: Mechanism of action of b-blocking agents in heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1997, 80:26L-40L.

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