Integrating Advanced Lipid Testing and Biomarkers in Assessment and Treatment

Author:

Sykes Alexandra VaioORCID,Patel Neeja,Lee Danielle,Taub Pam R.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

Reference75 articles.

1. • Murphy SA, Cannon CP, Blazing MA, et al. Reduction in total cardiovascular events with ezetimibe/simvastatin post-acute coronary syndrome: The IMPROVE-IT Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:353–61. The IMPROVE-IT trial included 18,144 patients who were randomized to receive intensive lipid-lowering therapy (ezetimibe/statin) or placebo/statin. The intensive treatment group had fewer MIs and strokes which led to significant reduction in events following acute coronary syndrome. Overall, this suggests improved clinical outcomes with aggressive lipid-lowering therapies.

2. Cannon CP, Blazing MA, Giugliano RP, et al. Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2387–97.

3. • Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FAH, et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2195–207. This clinical trial demonstrates the utility of CRP as an atherogenic biomarker. In healthy patients who had LDL-C < 130 but CRP > 2, treatment with rosuvastatin was associated with lower incidence of major cardiovascular events over median follow up of 1.9 years.

4. • Ridker PM, Pradhan A, MacFadyen JG, Libby P, Glynn RJ. Cardiovascular benefits and diabetes risks of statin therapy in primary prevention: an analysis from the JUPITER trial. Lancet. 2012;380:565–71. This randomized, double-blind trial tested the effect of an immune-modulating antibody, canakinumab, on reduction in cardiovascular events. This was a positive trial and as such demonstrated that cardiovascular risk is related to inflammation which may suggest markers of inflammation like CRP, if elevated, may be heralds of future ASCVD.

5. Giugliano RP, Wiviott SD, Blazing MA, De Ferrari GM, Park J-G, Murphy SA, White JA, Tershakovec AM, Cannon CP, Braunwald E. Long-term safety and efficacy of achieving very low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol : a prespecified analysis of the IMPROVE-IT Trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2017;2:547–55.

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