1. I. E. Sutherland, “Sketchpad: A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System”, MIT Ph. D. thesis, January 1963.
2. Web3D Consortium and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 24, “ISO/IEC 19775-1:2008, Information technology – Computer graphics and image processing – Extensible 3D (X3D), Part 1: Architecture and base components”, ISO/IEC International Standard (IS), July 2008. This is the 2nd and most recent Edition of this IS, including all Corrigenda and Amendments to its previous Edition, which was published by ISO in November 2004.
3. Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) Consortium (now Web3D Consortium) and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 24: “ISO/IEC 14772-1:1997, Information technology – Computer graphics and image processing – The Virtual Reality Modeling Language – Part 1: Functional specification and UTF-8 encoding”, ISO/IEC IS, December 1997. This is the 1st and most recent Edition of this IS, commonly known as “VRML97”.
4. R. Arnaud and M. C. Barnes, “COLLADA: Sailing the Gulf of 3D Digital Content Creation”, A. K. Peters, Wellesley, 2006.
5. 4. formally ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11): "ISO/IEC 14496-16:2009, Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 16: Animation Framework eXtension (AFX)", ISO/IEC IS, December 2009. This is the 3rd and most recent Edition of this IS, including all Corrigenda and Amendments to its previous Editions, of which the 1st was published by ISO in February 2004 (the technical committee work and the balloting process had finished in December 2002). The 4th Edition has also been finalized and should be published by ISO within 2011.