1. Baldwin, J.M. (1896). A New Factor in Evolution. The American Naturalist, 30, 441–451.
2. Belew, R.K. & Mitchell, M. (Eds) (1996). Adaptive Individuals in Evolving Populations. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
3. Bullinaria, J.A. & Riddell, P.M. (2000). Learning and Evolution of Control Systems. Neural Network World, 10, 535–544.
4. Hinton, G.E. & Nowlan, S.J. (1987). How Learning Can Guide Evolution. Complex Systems, 1, 495–502.