1. Johnson, Nicholas L.: Soviet Year in Space, 1990. Author, Teledyne Browne Engineering, Colorado Springs, Colorado, 1991; Lardier, Christian: L'avenir est aux raons x et gamma. Avimag, 926, 15 octobre 1986; Zeleny, Lev: Is the Golden Age of Russian Space Science Still Ahead? Novosti, Moscow, September 2006.
2. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA): Scientific Intelligence Report, Soviet Space Research Program, Monograph XI, Astronomical Aspects. Washington, DC, 1959; Miller, Arthur I.: Empire of the Stars – friendship, obsession and betrayal in the quest for black holes. Little Brown, London, 2005; Academy of Sciences of the USSR: Annual Meeting, 24–6 February 1960, minutes. US Department of Commerce, Office of Technical Services, Washington, DC, 29 August 1960. For the story of the Leningrad physicists, see Segrè, Gino: Faust in Copenhagen – a struggle for the soul of physics. Jonathan Cape, London, 2007.
3. Galeev, Albert; Tamkovich, G.M., eds: 35th Anniversary of the Institute of Space Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Author, Moscow, 1999.
4. White, N.W.; Filipov, L.G., eds: Physics of Compact Objects, Advances in Space Research, Vol. 8, No. 2–3, 1988; Sagdeev, Roald Z., ed.: The principal phases of space research in the USSR, in USSR Academy of Sciences, History of the USSR, New Research, 5, Yuri Gagarin – to mark the 25th anniversary of the first manned spaceflight. Social Sciences Editorial Board, Moscow, 1986; Kurt, Vladimir; Sheffer, E.K.: Astron X-ray experiment. Earth & the Universe, Vol. 2, No. 84; Boyarchuk, A.A.: Astron – window to ultraviolet space. Earth & the Universe, Vol. 5, No. 84; Zvereva, A.M., et al:. The abundance of ammonia in Comet Halley derived from ultraviolet spectrophotometry by Astron and International Yltra violet Explorer. AstrophysicalJournal, Vol. 404, 10 February 1993, summarized in NASA Technical Reports.
5. For background to and details of Kvant, see Hendrickx, Bart: The origins and evolution of Mir and its modules. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, Vol. 51, No. 6, June 1998; Evans, Ben: Delving into Mir's astrophysical attic. Spaceflight, Vol. 49, No. 5, May 2007.