1. Mann DL. Pathophysiology of heart failure. In: Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, editors. Braunwald’s heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011. p. 487–504.
2. McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(14):1787–847.
3. Mann DL. Management of heart failure patients with reduced efection fraction. In: Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, editors. Braunwald’s heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011. p. 543–77.
4. Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics–2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012;125(1):e2–220.
5. Fonarow GC, Yancy CW, Hernandez AF, et al. Potential impact of optimal implementation of evidence-based heart failure therapies on mortality. Am Heart J. 2011;161(6):1024–30 e3.