Foregrounding the Background: Business, Economics, Labor, and Government Policy as Shaping Forces in Early Digital Computing History

Author:

Aspray William,Loughnane Christopher

Publisher

Springer International Publishing

Reference67 articles.

1. Abbate, Janet. 2012. Recoding Gender: Women’s Changing Participation in Computing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

2. Akera, Atsushi. 2008. Calculating a Natural World: Scientists, Engineers, and Computers During the Rise of U.S. Cold War Research. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

3. Appel, Toby A. 2000. Shaping Biology: The National Science Foundation and American Biological Research, 1945-1975. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

4. Aspray, William. 2016. Women and Underrepresented Minorities in Computing: A Historical and Social Study. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International.

5. Aspray, William and Williams, Bernard O. 1994. “Arming American Scientists: NSF and the Provision of Scientific Computing Facilities for Universities, 1950-1973,” IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 60–74.

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