1. DeShaney v Winnebago County Department of Social Services, 489 US 189 (1989)
2. Ex parte Crouse,4 Wharton 9 (Pa. 1838).
3. Santosky v Kramer, 455 US 745,753 (1982).
4. Stanley v. Illinois, 405 US 645, 651 (1972)
5. Troxel v. Granville, 530 US 57 (2000).