1. Commonwealth v. Fisher, 62 A.198 (Pa.1905).
2. Ex parte Crouse, 4, Wharton 9 (Pa.1838)
3. Arthur, R. 2005. Punishing parents for the crimes of their children. Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 44 (3): 233–253.
4. Bazemore, G. Umbreit, M. (1995). Balanced and restorative justice for juveniles. Washington, D.C. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
5. Circuit Court of Cook County, Juvenile Division (1899). Juvenile Court of Cook County, Chicago, Ill.: Author