Abstract
AbstractThis introductory chapter provides an overview of some challenges encountered during assessment and remediation of sites contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), especially due to the presence of petroleum non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL). PHC contamination of soil and groundwater has become recognized globally as an environmental concern. NAPL releases may go unnoticed for years and can be costly, time-consuming, and challenging to cleanup. Environmental investigations are required to assess the subsurface conditions, and, when necessary, appropriate remedial strategies are implemented. Remediation success depends on the development of a living conceptual site model, evaluation, and selection of potential treatment technologies followed by technology implementation and performance monitoring. This chapter outlines various challenges commonly found at PHC-contaminated sites associated to regulatory issues, multiphase flow mechanics, NAPL partitioning and biodegradation, and hydrogeological controls.
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
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