1. Ackroyd, Peter. 2001. London: A Biography. New York: Doubleday.
2. Annwn, David. 2010. ‘The Gnome’s Lighted Scrolls’: Consumerism and Pre-Cinematic Visual Technologies in The Strange Case of Doctor Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Journal of Stevenson Studies 7: 9–32.
3. Arata, Stephen. 1996. Fictions of Loss in the Victorian Fin de Siècle. New York: Cambridge University Press.
4. Armstrong, Nancy. 1999. Fiction in the Age of Photography: The Legacy of British Realism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
5. Bailey, Peter. 1987. Leisure and Class in Victorian England: Rational Recreation and the Contest for Control, 1830–1885. New York: Methuen.