1. Adler, R. B., & Rodman, G. (2006). Understanding human communication (8th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2. Al Asmari, A. (2015). A comparative determination of barriers of oral English learning faced by preparatory year students. European Scientific Journal, 11(35), 58–81.
3. Al Nakhalah, A. M. M. (2016). Problems and difficulties of speaking that encounter English language students at Al Quds Open University. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 5(12), 96–101. Retrieved from www.ijhssi.org.
4. Aston, G. (1993). Notes on the interlanguage of comity. In G. Kasper & S. Blum-Kulka (Eds.), Interlanguage pragmatics (pp. 224–250). New York: Oxford University Press.
5. Avval, S. F. (2011). How to avoid communication breakdown in translation or interpretation? Translation Journal, 16(2). Retrieved from https://translationjournal.net/journal/56breakdown.htm.