Transitions in Individual Reproductive Behavior and Preferences

Author:

Bongaarts John,Hodgson Dennis

Abstract

AbstractPopulation-level fertility transitions are brought about by the actions of millions of individual women to limit and space childbearing. This chapter begins with an overview of levels and trends in contraception and abortion and their impact on fertility. Over the course of the fertility transition from near seven to two children per woman the proportion of women using contraception rises from near zero to about 75%. Despite this large increase in contraceptive prevalence, it falls short of the demand for contraception throughout the transition in all populations. The gap between use and demand implies that some women who want to avoid pregnancy are not using contraception. These women are considered to have an “unmet need” for contraception. This unmet need is caused by a number of obstacles women face in trying to implement their reproductive intentions. As a result, a large proportion of pregnancies end in unplanned births and abortions, especially in the later phases of the transition.

Publisher

Springer International Publishing

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