1. Carmıchael JC, Mills S. Anatomy and embryology of the colon, rectum, and anus. In: Scott RS, Tracy LH, Thomas ER, Theodore JS, Anthony JS, Charles BW, editors. The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery. 3rd ed. Cham: Springer; 2016. p. 3–26.
2. Keighley MR, Williams NS. Surgery of the anus, rectum and colon. In: Sagar P, Hill AG, Knowles CH, Post S, Bemelman WA, Roberts PL, Galandiuk S, Monson JRT, Keighley MRB, Williams NS, editors. Surgery of the anus, rectum and colon. Two-volume set. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2018.
3. Gupta A, Dayal S, Moran BJ. Total mesorectal excision: embryology, anatomy, technique and outcomes. In: Mary K, Andrew Z, editors. Comprehensive rectal cancer care. Cham: Springer; 2019. p. 125–46.
4. Skandalakis JE, Skandalakis PN, editors. Surgical anatomy and technique. New York: Springer; 2000. p. 954.
5. Amieva-Balmori M, Remes-Troche JM. Embryology of the anorectum. In: Enriqe C-A, Remes-Troche JM, editors. Anorectal disorders. Cambridge: Academic Press; 2019. p. 1–7.