1. Angress, Werner T. “Prussia’s Army and the Jewish Reserve Officer Controversy before World War I.” Leo Baeck Institute Year Book 17 (1972): 19–42.
2. Barmeyer, Heide. Hannovers Eingliederung in den preußischen Staat. Annexion und Administrative Integration 1866–1868. Hildesheim: August Lax, 1983.
3. Bassett, Richard. For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army, 1619–1918. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015.
4. Baumann, Robert F. “Universal Service Reform and Russia’s Imperial Dilemma.” War & Society 4 (1986): 31–49.
5. Becker, Otto. Bismarcks Ringen um Deutschlands Gestaltung. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer, 1958.