1. Afsaruddin, Asma. 2014. “Martyrdom in Islamic Thought and Praxis: A Historical Perspective.” In Martyrdom and Terrorism: Pre‐Modern to Contemporary Perspectives, edited by Dominic Janes and Alex Houen, 40–58. Oxford, USA: Oxford University Press.
2. Al Arabiya. 2013. “Teen in Beirut Bombing ‘Selfie’ Dies,” December 28. http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/12/28/Teen-in-Beirut-bombing-Selfie-dies-.html.
3. Angeli Sabillo, Kristine. 2013. “Militants Turn to ‘Selfie’ to Protest Proposed MRT, LRT Fare Hikes.” Technology Inquirer, August 13. http://technology.inquirer.net/28143/militants-turn-to-selfie-to-protest-proposed-mrt-lrt-fare-hikes#ixzz42rnDwkBj.
4. BBC Trending. 2014. “#BBCtrending: Lebanon’s #notamartyr Selfie Protest,” January 6. Accessed June 21, 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-25623299.
5. Bennett, Lance W. 1998. “The Uncivic Culture: Communication, Identity, and the Rise of Lifestyle Politics.” PS: Political Science and Politics 31 (4): 741–761.