1. Chen Guying 陳鼓應. 2014a. Zhuangzi in Modern Notation and Translation 莊子今註今譯. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju. (A major contemporary commentary by one of China’s foremost Zhuangzi scholars.)
2. ———. 2014b. New Essays on Lao-Zhuang. 老莊新論. Beijing: Shangwu Yinshuguan. (Collected essays on various topics related to the interpretation of early Daoism.)
3. Chiu, Waiwai. 2015. “Goblet Words and Indeterminacy: A Writing Style That Is Free of Commitment.” Frontiers of Philosophy in China 10.2: 255–272. https://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bas&AN=BAS881641&site=eds-live&scope=site (Argues for a conception of zhiyan as a trope of deliberate obscurantism, with the rhetorical purpose of creating multiple interpretations.)
4. Chong, Kim-Chong. 2006. “Zhuangzi and the Nature of Metaphor.” Philosophy East and West. 56.3: 370–391. https://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.4488033&site=eds-live&scope=site (Applies contemporary theories of metaphor to its usage in the Zhuangzi, especially as relating to the content of Zhuangzi’s thought.)
5. Coutinho, Steve. 2004. Zhuangzi and Early Chinese Philosophy. Burlington, VT: Ashgate. (Summarizing assessment of the philosophy of Zhuangzi, with respect both to other pre-Qin schools, and to postmodern Western philosophy.)