1. Adamu, M. 1978. The Hausa Factor in West African History. Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University Press.
2. Balewa, A.T. 1966. Shaihu Umar. Zaria: The Northern Nigerian Publishing Company.
3. Barthes, R. 2012 [1972]. Mythologies. Trans. Richard Howard. New York: Hill and Wang.
4. Bâ, A.H. 2008. In A Spirit of Tolerance: The Life of Tierno Bokar, ed. Roger Gaetani. Bloomington, Indiana: World Wisdom Inc.
5. Brenner, L. 2000. Histories of Religion in Africa. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.