1. Institute for Crime and Justice Policy Research. World prison population list. 12th ed. https://www.prisonstudies.org/news/icpr-launches-12th-edition-world-prison-population-list. Accessed January 9, 2021.
2. Criminal Justice Facts | The Sentencing Project, 2020. https://www.sentencingproject.org/criminal-justice-facts/. Accessed August 16, 2021.
3. NAACP | Criminal Justice Fact Sheet, 2020. https://naacp.org/resources/criminal-justice-fact-sheet. Accessed August 16, 2021.
4. Widra E. and Wagner P. 2021. Jails and prisons have reduced their populations in the face of the pandemic, But not enough to save lives. Prison Policy Initiative. https://www.prisonpolicy.org/blog/2020/08/05/jails-vs-prisons-update-2/ accessed Aug 13, 2021.
5. Estelle v. Gamble 490 US 97 (1976).