1. Bettina Hofmann, “Ha Jin’s A Free Life: Revisiting the Kuenstlerroman.” Moving Migration: Narrative Transformations in Asian American Literature. Ed. Johanna C. Kardux and Doris Einsiedel. Berlin: Lit Verlag, 2010. 199–212.
2. Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. New York: Routledge. 1994.
3. Edward W. Said, “Reflections on Exile” Reflections on Exile and Other Essays. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. 2000.
4. Jin, Ha. A Free Life. New York: Pantheon Books. 2007.
5. Jin, Ha. The Writer as Migrant. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago. 2008.