The Nexus Between Corruption, Migrant Smuggling, and Human Trafficking in Southeast Asia

Abstract

AbstractStrong drivers and demand for migrants in Southeast Asia, combined with often costly and complex channels for regular migration, have led to high levels of irregular migration throughout the region. These dynamics have, in turn, created a substantial market for the services of migrant smugglers and place many migrants at risk of human trafficking and other violations of their rights. While smuggling of migrants and human trafficking are a key concern for Southeast Asian States, many facets of these crimes remain under researched and poorly understood. This includes the role of corruption as a facilitator of smuggling and trafficking. Drawing on research concerning the nexus between corruption, smuggling, and trafficking, this chapter sheds light on the ways corrupt practices and relationships help smugglers and traffickers subvert immigration controls and prevent investigation and punishment of their illicit activities. It further explores the potential negative impacts of corruption on the protection of smuggled migrants and victims of trafficking. This chapter explains that stricter migration controls are only likely to increase the markets for smuggling and trafficking and, in turn, amplify corruption risks. It posits that, consistent with their obligations under international law, Southeast Asian States should address corruption through a three-pronged approach encompassing anti-corruption measures, better protection of the rights of smuggled migrants and trafficked persons, and efforts to increase the scope and accessibility of regular avenues for migration.