1. Carnap, Rudolf. 1928/1967. The Logical Structure of the World. Trans. R.A. George. Berkeley: University of California Press.
2. ———. 1932/1963. The Physical Language as the Universal Language of Science. Translated by Max Black in 1934 as The Unity of Science, updated in 1963 by Rudolf Carnap. In Readings in Twentieth-Century Philosophy, ed. William P. Alston and George Nakhnikian, 393–424. Repr. New York: Free Press.
3. ———. 1963. Intellectual Autobiography. In The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap, ed. Paul Schilpp. LaSalle: Open Court.
4. Carus, André, and Steve Awodey. 2009. From Wittgenstein’s Prison to the Boundless Ocean. In Carnap’s Logical Syntax of Language, ed. Pierre Wagner, 79–106. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
5. Diamond, Cora. 2000. Does Bismarck Have a Beetle in His Box? The Private Language Argument of the Tractatus. In The New Wittgenstein, ed. Alice Crary and Rupert J. Read, 262–292. London: Routledge.