Polarization-Sensitive Coherent Diffractive Imaging Using HHG

Abstract

AbstractHigh harmonic generation (HHG) from lasers have attractive properties for probing ultrafast dynamics at the nanoscale. The spectral range of high harmonics at the extreme-UV and soft-X-rays ($$\lambda \sim $$ λ ∼ 100 nm–1 nm, $$\hbar \omega \sim $$ ħ ω ∼ 10 eV–1 keV) enables element specificity, the short wavelengths combined with high spatial coherence allows for imaging with nanometric spatial resolution, the extremely short pulse durations provide access to dynamics faster than a femtosecond ($$1 \ fs = 10^{-15}$$ 1 f s = 10 - 15 s), and all that, on a compact system. In this chapter, we focus on experimental aspects of imaging with high harmonics. First, we present the experimental system and the image reconstruction procedure. Second, we show experimental results from the various configurations that were used throughout this project. Finally, we discuss mechanisms that played an important role in this imaging effort, and would contribute to the advancement of nanoscale imaging.