NRAO and Radio Astronomy in the Twenty-First Century

Abstract

AbstractFollowing the inauspicious experience with the 140 Foot Telescope, NRAO apparently learned to manage big projects. The VLA and VLBA were built on schedule and on budget. But the Green Bank Telescope project was funded before the design was complete and was prematurely rushed into construction with unfortunate consequences to the cost and schedule. However, by the beginning of the twenty-first century NRAO was operating the most powerful radio telescopes in the world, the VLA, the VLBA, and the GBT, and had become the acknowledged leader in the evolution of radio astronomy from a technique to an astronomical-based science. As radio telescopes became more sophisticated and computer-aided, observations and reduction became more automated; radio astronomers evolved from experimenters to observers to data analysts. By the turn of the century, the traditional breed of radio astronomers was disappearing. NRAO users often no longer participated in the observing, and with the start of ALMA observations in 2011, often did not even participate in the planning of the observations or the reduction of data.