1. Al-Enazy, Askar. The Creation of Saudi Arabia: Ibn Saud and British Imperial Policy, 1914–1927. London: Routledge, 2014.
2. Anscombe, Frederick F. The Ottoman Gulf: The Creation of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar 1870–1914. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.
3. Arslan, Ali. Balkanların Anahtarı Önemi Bilinmeyen Ada Taşöz. Istanbul: Emre Yayyınları, 2005.
4. Ateş, Sabri. The Ottoman-Iranian Borderlands: Making a Boundary, 1843–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
5. Avci, Y. ‘The Application of Tanzimat in the Desert: The Bedouins and the Creation of a New Town in Southern Palestine (1860–1914).’ Middle Eastern Studies 45, no. 6 (2009): 969–83.