1. (a) Paul, F.; Patt, J.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5969-5970. John Hartwig earned his Ph.D. at the University of California-Berkeley in 1990 under the guidance of Robert Bergman and Richard Anderson. He moved from Yale University to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2006 and moved from UI-UC to UC Berkeley in 2011. Hartwig and Buchwald independently discovered this chemistry. a Mann, G.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 5413-5418. b Mann, G.; Hartwig, J. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 8005-8008.
2. (a) Guram, A. S.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7901-7902. Stephen Buchwald received his Ph.D. in 1982 under Jeremy Knowles at Harvard University. He is currently a professor at MIT. a Palucki, M.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 10333-10334.
3. Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 1133-1135.
4. Driver, M. S.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7217-7218.
5. Wolfe, J. P.; Wagaw, S.; Marcoux, J.-F.; Buchwald, S. L. Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 805-818. (Review).