1. Alexander, Samuel. [1920] 1950. Space, Time, and Deity. Macmillan & Co., in two volumes, reprinted 1950 by The Macmillan Company.
2. Aristotle, Metaphysics, Book 8, section 1045a.
3. Armstrong, David M. 1989. Universals: An Opinionated Introduction. Westview Press.
4. Atmanspacher, Harald. 2002. Determinism Is Ontic, Determinability Is Epistemic. In Between Chance and Choice, ed. Atmanspacher, H. and Bishop, R., Imprint Academic.
5. Bedau, Mark A. 1997. Weak Emergence. Philosophical Perspectives, 11, 375–399, quoted from Philosophical Perspectives: Mind, Causation, and World, chapter Weak Emergence, 375–399. Blackwell.