1. Abente, Diego. 1988. Politics and Policies: The Limits of the Venezuelan Consociational Regime. In Democracy in Latin America: Colombia and Venezuela, ed. Donald L. Herman, 133–155. New York: Praeger. Print.
2. Adriani, Alberto. 1984. Labor Venezolanista. Caracas: Academia Nacional De Ciencias Económicas Y Consejo De Profesores Universitarios Jubilados U.C.V.. Print.
3. Alexander, Robert J. 1988. Venedemocracia and the Vagaries of the Energy Crisis. In Democracy in Latin America: Colombia and Venezuela, ed. Donald L. Herman, 175–195. New York: Praeger. Print.
4. Almao, Valia Pereira, and Carmen Perez Baralt. 2011. Venezuela: The Impact of Recent Electoral Processes. In The Quality of Democracy in Latin America, ed. Daniel H. Levine and Jose E. Molina, 221–245. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner. Print.
5. Audiencia. 2011, September 27. Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.Web. 24 Jan. 2019.