Abstract
Abstract
For over 100 years, Luxembourg has been an immigration country. In 2019, 93% of the resident population are European citizens. Luxembourg nationals represent 53% of the entire population, nationals from other European Union (EU) Member States 40% and non-EU foreigners 7%. These three groups have different rights regarding residence and access to work in Luxembourg. All persons engaged in a professional activity in Luxembourg, whatever their nationality or residence, are covered by a compulsory social security system. The essence of the Welfare State, whose origins date back to the Customs Union with Germany, is Bismarckian. It protects workers against the following social risks: unemployment, sickness and maternity, long-term care needs, family, invalidity and old age. Family members are entitled to derived rights. Regarding health-care and old age pensions, it is possible to subscribe a voluntary insurance under specific conditions. A guaranteed minimum income, recently reformed, is accessible to everybody residing legally in Luxembourg under specific conditions. For non-EU foreigners, a residence for at least 5 years during the last 20 years or the possession of a long-term resident status is required.
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
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