1. Armengaud, Andre. 1978. Population in Europe 1700–1914. In The Fontana Economic History of Europe: The Industrial Revolution, vol. 3, ed. Carlo M. Cipolla, 22–76. Glasgow: William Collins Sons & Co.
2. Arrighi, Giovanni. 2010. The Long Twentieth Century: Money, Power and the Origins of Our Times. New York: Verso.
3. Bagwell, Philip S., and G.E. Mingay. 1970. Britain and America: A Study of Economic Change, 1850–1939. New York: Praeger.
4. Bailyn, Bernard. 1986. Voyages to the West: A Passage in the Peopling of America on the Eve of the Revolution. New York: Random House.
5. Beckert, Sven. 2014. Empire of Cotton: A Global History. New York: Vintage Books.