1. For an overview of the Solvay Congresses in Physics, see J. MEHRA, The Solvay Conferences on Physics: Aspects of the Development of Physics since 1911,D. Reidel, Dordrecht and Boston, 1975. See also P. MARAGE and G. WALLENBORN, Les Conseils Solvay et les Débuts de la Physique Moderne,Brussels, 1995; D.K. BARKAN, The Witches’ Sabbath: The First International Solvay Congress in Physics, Science in Context 6 (1993), pp. 59–82; R.H. STUEWER, The Seventh Solvay Congress: Nuclear Physics at the Crossroads, in A.J. Kox and D.M. Siegel (eds.), No Truth Except in the Details,Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1995, pp. 333–362.
2. C. WEINER, A New Site for the Seminar: The Refugees and American Physics in the Thirties, in D. Fleming and B. Bailyn (eds.), The Intellectual Migration: Europe and America, 1930–1960,Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Mass.), 1969, pp. 190–234, esp. p. 192–195.
3. On the history of the Cavendish Laboratory, see J.G. CROWTHER, The Cavendish Laboratory 1874-1974,Macmillan, London, 1974. For more recent re-analyses of the Maxwell and Thomson periods, see S. SCHAFFER, Late Victorian metrology and its instrumentation: a manufactory of Ohms, in R. Bud and S. Cozzens (eds.), Invisible Connections. Instruments, Institutions and Science,SPIE Optical Engineering Press, Bellingham Washington, 1992, pp. 23-56
4. I. FALCONER, J. J. Thomson and 'Cavendish Physics', in F.A.J.L. James (ed.), The Development of the Laboratory. Essays on the Place of Experiment in Industrial Civilization,Macmillan Press, London, 1989, pp. 104-117.
5. For Rutherford’s career and institution-building at Montreal and Manchester, see D. WILSON, Rutherford. Simple Genius, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1983.