1. Adamson, Alan H. 1972. Sugar Without Slaves: The Political Economy of British Guiana, 1838–1904. New Haven: Yale University Press.
2. Alleyne, Mervin. 2002. The Construction and Representation of Race and Ethnicity in the Caribbean and the World. Barbados: University of the West Indies.
3. Althusser, Louis. 1971. Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. London: New Left Book.
4. Best, Lloyd. 1992. The Contribution of George Beckford. Social and Economic Studies 41 (3): 5–23.
5. Braithwaite, Edward. 1971. The Development of Creole Society in Jamaica, 1770–1820. Jamaica: Clarendon Press.