Abstract
AbstractSouth American camelids (SACs) play an increasing role in veterinary care in Europe. Many alpacas or llamas presented to veterinarians suffer from anaemia, regularly with a packed cell volume (PCV) below 0.10 l/l, which is a life-threatening condition for the animals. This review article presents clinical and laboratory diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of anaemia in SACs. Clinical identification of anaemic animals can be performed by assessing the FAMACHA© score and the Body Condition Score (BCS), since anaemia in alpacas and llamas correlates with pale mucous membranes and a lowered BCS. Haematological examination of a blood sample can provide a more differentiated diagnosis of anaemia in SACs. A common finding is regenerative anaemia with an increased number of reticulocytes that is often caused by blood loss due to Haemonchus contortus. Changes in a blood smear from an alpaca or llama with regenerative anaemia may include normoblasts (nucleated red blood cells), anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, polychromasia, Howell-Jolly bodies or basophilic stippling. Furthermore, non-regenerative anaemia, often caused by trace element deficiency or cachexia, can also occur.
Funder
Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover (TIHO)
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
General Veterinary,General Medicine
Reference145 articles.
1. Al-Izzi S, Abdouslam O, Al-Bassam L, Azwai S (2004) Haematological parameters in clinically normal llamas (Lama glama). Praxis Vet 52(3):225–232
2. Andreasen CB, Gerros TC, Lassen ED (1994) Evaluation of bone marrow cytology and stainable iron content in healthy adult llamas. Vet Clin Pathol 23(2):38–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.1994.tb00671.x
3. Andrews A, Cox A (1997) Suspected nutritional deficiency causing anaemia in llamas (Lama glama). Vet Rec 140(6):153–154
4. Arsenopoulos KV, Fthenakis GC, Katsarou EI, Papadopoulos E (2021) Haemonchosis: a challenging parasitic infection of sheep and goats. Anim (Basel) 11:363. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020363
5. Azwai SM, Abdouslam OE, Al-Bassam LS, Al Dawek AM, Al-Izzi SAL (2007) Morphological characteristics of blood cells in clinically normal adult llamas (Lama glama). Veterinarski Arhiv 77(1):69–79
Cited by
2 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献，注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献，订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献