1. The term is from Eric Schaefer, “Bold! Daring! Shocking! True!”: A History of Exploitation Films, 1919–1959 (Durham: Duke University Press, 1999).
2. Selwyn Raab, “Film Image Provokes Outcry in South Bronx,” New York Times, February 6, 1981, C6.
3. See Jon C. Teaford, The Twentieth Century American City: Problem, Promise and Reality (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); George C. Galster and Edward W. Hill, ed., The Metropolis in Black and White: Place, Power, and Polarization (New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, 1992); Steve Macek, Urban Nightmares: The Media, the Right, and the Moral Panic over the City (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2006), among others.
4. James N. Gregory, The Southern Diaspora: How the Great Migrations of Black and White Southerners Transformed America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005).
5. Jimmie L. Reeves and Richard Campbell, Cracked Coverage: Television News, the Anti-cocaine Crusade, and the Reagan Legacy (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1994), 136.