1. For a rejoinder to this interpretation, see Joao Paulo Pimienta, Estado y nación al final de los imperios ibéricos, Rio de la Plata y Brasil, 1808–1826 (Buenos Aires, 2011).
2. John Lynch, Simón Bolívar: A Life (New Haven, CT, 2006);
3. and Caitlin A. Fitz, ‘Our Sister Republics: The United States in an Age of American Revolutions’, PhD Dissertation (Yale University, 2010).
4. See Rebecca Earle, ‘“Sobre heroes y tumbas”: National Symbols in Nineteenth-Century Spanish America’, Hispanic American Historical Review 85/3 (2005): 375–416;
5. and Matthew Brown, ‘Soldier Heroes in the Wars of Independence in Gran Colombia’, Hispanic Research Journal 7/1 (2006): 41–56.