1. P. B. Lafont (ed.), Les Frontières du Vietnam (The Vietnam borders) (Paris: L’Harmattan, 1989).
2. McMurtie G. Godley, and Junny St Goar, “The Chinese Road in Northwest Laos, 1961–73: An American Perspective,” Laos: Beyond the Revolution (London: MacMillan, 1991).
3. For a discussion of these issues see Thomas A.Wilson, and Hastings Donnan, “Nation, State and Identity at International Borders,” Chapter 1, Border Identities: Nations and State at International Frontiers, eds. Thomas A. Wilson and Hastings Donnan (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
4. Andrew Walker, Legend of the Golden Boat: Regulation, Trade and Traders in the Borderlands of Laos, Thailand, China and Burma (London: Curzon Press, 1999): 154–155.
5. Florence Rossetti, “The Chinese in Laos,” China Perspectives 13 (September/October 1997): 28.