1. Harriet E. Hudson, “Toward a Theory of Popular Literature: The Case of the Middle English Romances,” Journal of Popular Culture 23.3 (1989): 35.
2. Dorothee Metlitzki, The Matter of Araby in Medieval Romance (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977).
3. Carol F. Heffernan, The Orient in Chaucer and Medieval Romance (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 2003), 2
4. Anna Czarnowus, Fantasies of the Other’s Body in Middle English Oriental Romance (Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2013), 20–21.
5. Lynn Tarte Ramey, Christian, Saracen and Genre in Medieval French Literature (London: Routledge, 2001); Kinoshita, Medieval Boundaries; Heng, Empire of Magic; Calkin, Saracens; Akbari, Idols.