1. See M. Al-Rahim (1969) Imperialism and nationalism in the Sudan: A study in constitutional and political development, 1899–1956 (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
2. SA, 993/7/139-140: Letter from Howe to Secretary of State, dated 17/9/1953. See K. M. Barbour (1959) “Irrigation in the Sudan. Its Growth, Distribution and Potential Expansion,” Transactions and Papers (Institute of British Geographers), No. 26, 243–263.
3. R. Chambers (1969) Settlement sehemes in tropical Africa: A study of organisations and development (London: Routledge)
4. J. M. Hodge, G. Hödl, and M. Kopf (eds) (2014) Developing Africa: Concepts and practices in twentieth century colonialism (Manchester: Manchester University Press).
5. See E. Akyeampong, R. H. Bates, N. Nunn, and J. A. Robinson (2014) Africa’s development in historical perspective (New York: Cambridge University Press)